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African American and Obama Essay

In â€Å"A More Perfect Union’†, a discourse given by Barack Obama, there are different issues tended to, with race being...

Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Reflection Paper on Organizational Behavior Course

Reflection Paper on Organizational Behavior Course When the Philippine Army (PA) gave me a Masteral Degree Scholarship, I was told to take a Human Resource Management (HRM) course. Since I chose to take my graduate course in UP Diliman {where I took my BA in Public Administration undergraduate course before going to the Philippine Military Academy (PMA)}, I enrolled in the School of Labor and Industrial Relations (SOLAIR) because they have an equivalent graduate course in HRM, which is the Master of Industrial Relations where I can specialize in Human Resource Development. The intent of my graduate study is to educate me with the latest trends, principles, procedures, programs, policies and concepts in HRM, and be able relate and apply†¦show more content†¦So in a way many would say that it is very easy to manage a military unit or organization since everyone must follow orders, but this is easier said than done. In my experience, especially in my field assignment in a comba t unit in a critical area, as a platoon leader I had my initial challenge as an officer. â€Å"Greenhorn† as I am, leading a group of majority veteran soldiers, wherein their previous area of operations enabled them to be involved in combat encounters with the communist insurgents with a more experienced and senior platoon leader, it is like a rookie trying to be a go to guy in a basketball team, where I have to earn their respect first before being accepted truly as their leader. Yes, they will follow your orders, but there will be times where this rule will be challenged especially in combat situations. Now here lies the relevance of the course on organizational behavior. Knowledge in human personality, perception and attitude would indeed be very important in this situation, although this is well covered in my undergraduate course in management, the ideas of Fred Luthan’s on the chapter on Personality, Perception and Employee Attitude; and Natasha Marinkovic Grbaâ⠂¬â„¢s (Lisa Matthewman, et al. â€Å"Work Psychology†, Chapter 3) chapter on Personality and Individual Differences refreshes my previous knowledge on the topic andShow MoreRelatedreflection paper on organizational behavior699 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿BUSI 2101 – Organizational Behavior INDIVIDUAL REFLECTION PAPER The main objective of this semester was to learn various organizational behaviors that are conducted in a business environment outside the classroom; these would help us as students and as future business entrepreneurs. Throughout the semester, every week different professors came and gave us lectures. Each lecture was about different topic with professors of different departments. Along with the weekly lectures we also had an interactiveRead MoreBusiness Management617 Words   |  3 Pagesand Change Sessions FY 2012-13 Instructor Name Len Chapman Phone Number(s) Office: 800.888.862.9950, X1514 Cell: 916.616.3310 Email len.chapman@myunion.edu Course Description The course focuses on how leaders use and apply change theories to craft and execute strategic management decisions. The course introduces best practices for leading and implementing change that addresses: leader / follower relations, their effect on corporate culture, employee resistance to change, andRead MoreLsi Paper1065 Words   |  5 PagesWeek 1: Introducing Organizational Behavior and Individual Differences - LSI LSI Assignment Guidelines Developing a willingness and ability to engage in self-reflection is a critical leadership skill that is not easily learned yet which reaps many rewards. The LSI enables you to examine your own unique way of thinking and how it influences your behavior. Your Assignment: Complete (on your own) the LSI according to the procedure outlined here, so that you end up with your Life Styles CircumplexRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper785 Words   |  4 Pageshead: ETHICS REFLECTION Ethics Reflection STR/581 Ethics Reflection In the last decade ethics has taken an important place in corporate America after some unethical and fraudulent business practices getting uncovered. Few companies’ such as Tyco, Enron, Arthur Anderson, and WorldCom have made their name synonymous with corporate fraud. Unethical behavior of top executives like Bernard Madoff and Martha Stewart can sink the whole company. This paper will explain theRead MoreMy Reflection On The Leadership Program782 Words   |  4 PagesThis summer course has been one of my favorite classes during my time in the program. My feelings come from a place of life experiences, course materials and understanding all finally coming full circle. My initial interest in joining this Industrial Organizational Program came from the stress inducing experience I wrote about in my Change Process Critique Paper. Long story made short: I was in an organization where there was an abundance of great values, great potential within the members and aRead MoreDif ferent Styles Of Leadership With A High Probability For Success Exist767 Words   |  4 Pagesupon the correct implementation of leadership related concepts, philosophies and practices. The following applied learning paper provides an applicable reading materials summation while relating the information to personal and professional endeavors. In many ways, â€Å"leadership† represents â€Å"everything that’s desirable and none of what’s not (Rothman, 2016, p.66). Course materials stress the importance for not only focusing upon the creation and continuous development of certain leadership characteristicsRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper Str 581 Week 11312 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: WEEK 1; ETHICS REFLECTIONS PAPER Assignment: Week 1; Ethics Reflections Paper By Judith Judson STR 591 – Phoenix Campus University of Phoenix Facilitator: Dr. Mark Kolesinsky Week 1, July 18, 2012 Ethics Reflection Paper In the last decade, ethics in corporate America has become highly publicized following the discovery of unethical and fraudulent business practices in major corporations. Practices at Tyco, Enron, Arthur Anderson, and WorldCom, among others,Read MoreLeadership Styles Of The Abc Golf Management Company, Inc.1443 Words   |  6 PagesMAN 4120 Research Paper Outline TOPIC: Leadership Styles in __________ Organization. I. The Organization chosen is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. A. Type of Organization B. Responsibilities C. Organizational Structure and chart II. Introduce problems, issues, weaknesses, or threats relating to organizational leadership. III. Discuss different leadership perspectives/theories and leadership styles based on some core theories learned from the textbook. IV. Use other sources such as peer journals and text books to further describeRead MoreReflecting on an E-learning Staff Training Event that I Witnessed for Six Years as a Participant1048 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The primary focus of this paper is to reflect on an E-learning staff development training event that I observed for the last six years as a participant. The E-learning training utilized the same method and the same material during this time. The staff development training is an annual requirement for teachers to complete before the beginning of each school year. This training was mandatory and supported the concept of safe schools. The objective of the training was highlightedRead MoreThe Growing Importance Of Ethical Business Managers942 Words   |  4 PagesHillary Shaw, 2010). This recent pattern of business misconduct (Michaelson, 2015) and single-minded pursuit of profit has made the promotion of ethical values a key concern for modern business organizations (Julia Shaw Hillary Shaw, 2010). This paper will discuss how literary fiction (i.e. novels, literature, narrative, fiction, drama, comics) can help organizations develop ethical managers by discussing (1) the growi ng importance of ethical business managers (2) the benefits of a novel approach

Monday, December 16, 2019

Quality Education in the Philippines - 4065 Words

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION A. Overview What is good quality education? What is the use of this to our daily lives? What will the effects be on our future? These are but just a few questions that run through our mind when we think of what education is. Education, for many, is the forefront in building our future; it gives us the power of knowledge that helps us cope up with the different steps in our lives. Some think of it as a mere process to gain access to monetary security and better life, but this is not mere education should be. â€Å"It is one of the most powerful instruments for reducing poverty and inequality and lays a foundation for sustained economic growth.† (2008) In my own words, education is merely a step to make†¦show more content†¦Explanation: The author used the principle of cause and effect to give out reasons on why promoting values and motivating students will increase their perception in studying. The author also wants to express the possible effects if the teachers and parents will help in enhancing the skill of the child in his/ her aspect. Comparison and Contrast An organizational structure of text in which a description of similarities and differences among two or more things occurs. Explanation: The author used the principle of comparison and contrast to differentiate the two Philippine college educational programs which are the normal and the ladderized program. By giving their differences and similarities the author achieved part of his paper which is to differentiate the two educational systems. B. Conceptual Framework Explanation: The author shows in this simple diagram what he points out on this paper. These topics will be discussed in this paper. The origination and development of the Philippine education system since many do not know where it began. The differences between the two modern programs, the normal and the ladderized because some students are confused on the two programs since the ladderized program was just adapted by the Philippines on the year 2006. Motivating students can lead to many effects according to (Calderon, 1998) there are several definitions of motivation but they allShow MoreRelatedIssues and Problems in the Philippine Educational System: A Challenge Towards the Attainment of Quality Education1986 Words   |  8 PagesProblems in the Philippine Educational System: A Challenge Towards the Attainment of Quality Education Our country has gone through many changes and development for the past few years. The continuous process made great impacts in the lives of millions of Filipinos. Relatively, the changes have given us advantages not to mention the disadvantages it brought causing downfall to many people. There are numerous questions concerning the issues and problems existing in the Philippine Educational SystemRead MoreIssues in Philippine Education1619 Words   |  7 PagesIssues in Philippine Education: In Retrospect They say that education is the best social leveler. They say that it is the very answer to poverty, corruption, hate, and ignorance. If it really is like many people believe it is, then the study of the key educational, ergo curricular, issues in the Philippines is a significant endeavor that needs serious pair of eyes, ears and hands. According to the IBON Facts and Figures, the literacy rate in the Philippines has regressed a lot over the last ten yearsRead MoreThe Level of Understanding of Students in De La Salle Lipa On Tuition Fee Increase1636 Words   |  7 PagesProper education is one of the main factors for a progressing nation. With the increasing cost of living, education cost also increases. This research, â€Å"The Level of Understanding of Students in De La Salle Lipa on Tuition Fee Increase† is conducted to determine students understanding on the possible cause of tuition fee increase in our school and tuition fee allocation. It is also an objective to indirectly help the students to be aware of the fees theyre paying and the allocation and breakdownRead MoreCultural Identity In The Philippines1334 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER 1 Introduction Philippines is a heterogenous country. Many Filipino were confused about the real culture or native culture of the Philippines because of much foreign or alien culture that invaded the Philippines right now. But as a matter of fact Filipino is also the reason on having a confusing cultural identity as a nation. The Philippines is a country that has been colonized too many times. From the Spaniards, then we were sold off to the USA, and then we were invaded by the Japanese-Read MoreEducation: Philippines vs. U.S.A Essays902 Words   |  4 Pagesobtained your education in the United States of America, then you got the best education of all. This is a fascinating idea but I absolutely disagree on this. I believe that education is still based upon an individual’s character and insight in life. It is dependent on how one values education. Even if one has attained the highest education in the United States, he can still be considered uneducated if he doesn’t apply what he has learned in school. The education in the Philippines is better in someRead MoreHuman Health Care System Is On The Brink Of Collapse1275 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The Philippines has provided the world with skilled medical professionals for decades. But as more and more workers abandon the Philippines for hig her salaries abroad, public health experts say the country s health care system is on the brink of collapse.† - Dr. Jaime Galvez Tan This above quote is from a former Philippine health secretary commented about the brain drain crisis regarding the health professionals, occurring right now in the Philippines. The phenomenon known as the ‘brain drain’Read Moreeffect of lack of computer1319 Words   |  6 PagesThe Study and Its Background Introduction Several complaints regarding the lack of sufficient school facilities have been a great concern nowadays at Polytechnic University of the Philippines in Santa Rosa Campus. With regards to this, certain components like lack of computers, improper lighting and poor air quality affects the overall academic performance of the students. The purpose of this study is to discuss the effects of lack of computers in the laboratory of the said school which greatlyRead MoreK-12 curriculum Related studies revise 11594 Words   |  7 PagesEnhancing the quality of basic education in the Philippines is urgent and critical. Because of that, one of the discussions of DepEd is to enhance the basic education program in the country in a manner that is least disruptive to the current curriculum most affordable for government and families, and aligned with international practice through the K-12 policy. The poor quality of basic training is reflected in lower achievement scores of Filipino students. Many students who complete basic education do notRead MoreEssay on Attempting to Measure Welfare in the Philippines 707 Words   |  3 Pagesdetermined that unemployment brings upon the prevalence of poverty but how come would the poor in the Philippines be in fact be in the midst of the employed? Emmanuel S. de Dios and Katrina I. Din glasan have adequately answered this baffling phenomenon with historical data and mathematical computations thus proving that â€Å"unemployment† is not an effective measure of welfare, i.e., in our country. The Philippines in its current state cannot be painted in its best picture hence it stands on unsteady groundsRead MoreThe Issue Of Abortion On The Philippines Essay1620 Words   |  7 Pages Abortion in the Philippines Julian Mayugba Hudson County Community College Abstract This paper goes over the legality status of abortion, the risks of illegal abortion, the overpopulation problem related to pregnancy, the limited availability of contraceptives, and how religion ties these things together in the Philippines. I was inspired to write about pregnancy in the Philippines after learning one of my female friends in the Philippines, who is about the same age as me, had gotten pregnant

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Viability and Issues in ERP Implementation

Question: Discuss the viability and issues in ERP implementation. Answer: Global Bike Inc is a multinational corporation headquartered in the US. The brand manufactures bikes, which can be used for racing. It has implemented a ERP Sap processes in its organization which has played an efficient role in its growth. It has been able to coordinate its four main processes which are finance, marketing, human resource and operations. This system has enabled the business enterprise to complement its expansion initiatives in the global market. As such, the brand has been able to deliver high performance bikes to the rides in the global market. According to May et al. (2013), the ERP system implemented in the business organization has been assisted the business enterprise to diverge into two major business areas in the US and the Germany. Both the production plants have manufacturing centers as well as the production centers. In addition, GBI has established a partner network to maximize its scale of operations and the scale of operations in the global market. However, Staehr (2012) noted that there remains pertinent issues in the implementation of the ERP system which are- integration of ERP, software goals as well as the customization of the software as per the organizational needs. In addition, there is flexibility as well as the presence of legacy systems in the business organization. According to Kim et al. (2013)., identifying the needs of the business organizations as well establishing a structured budget are the relevant factors that must be considered while adopting a specific ERP SAP system in the business factors . Thus, Global Bike Inc has to take into account the above attributes while implementing a specific SAP ERP system to satisfy its operational needs. Viability of ERP integration According to Meyr et al, (2015), the SAP ERP system has been able to gather essential Data of Global Bike Inc and has coordinated the functional as well as the non- functional business processes .The ERP system has also enabled the business entity to offer SAP career opportunities to the new recruits in Global Bike Inc. This has assisted the business enterprise to use ERP SAP to enhance the operational policies of the brand. The GBI annual report has been registered in the website of SAP UAC. Mamoghli et al. (2015), the SAP ERP system has been playing a pivotal role to assist the business enterprise to align its operational activities to the long-term goals and objectives of the business organization. Thus, the ERP system has been playing an effective role for the growth of the company. The GBI Global office is divided into two major operational centers, which are - GBI US and GBI Germany. In the GBI US, the ERP system has been playing an effective role in coordinating the Miami centre of distribution, the distribution centre of SanDiego as well as the Dallas manufacturing plant. According to Andersson Olandersson (2013), the cross-functional activities of Distribution and the Manufacturing have been achieved through the inherent support of the ERP system. In this regard, it can be said that the SAP ERP system has made it possible to produce goods with the minimum amount of time and effort. In the case of GBI Germany; the SAP ERP processes have reduced the operational expenses of the business enterprise. Thus, Alaskari et al.(2013) noted that greater coordination has been achieved between the Heidelberg manufacturing plant as well as the Hamburg distribution centre. Issues in ERP Implementation The following are the challenges or issues of ERP Implementation ERP integration - ERP integration has been a critical issue for Global Bike Inc. According to Johansson, and Carlsson (2013), there are uncertainties regarding the selection of the processes that are to be integrated with the help of the ERP software. In a multinational corporation like the Global Bike Inc, choosing of processes that are to be coordinated within the ERP software remains critical. Therefore, it remains essential that the ERP software is implemented in a manner which reduces the operational costs of a business enterprise. Developing ERP software goals - Ostroukh et al. (2014) mentioned that setting of ERP goals is essential in implementing the ERP activities in a structured manner. As such, it remains essential that there is a specific need for the implementation of ERP system. This can result in unnecessary costs for the management of a business enterprise and wastage of resources. Powell (2013) mentioned that having a fixed ERP goal could be complicated in the case of a large business organization with its operations spread out in multiple countries. Therefore, this has been a pertinent issue for GBI in the context of its existing operations. This has also hampered the procedure of recognizing the need and setting proper goals for the adoption of the ERP system. Customization - According to Andersson and Olandersson (2013), the ERP system requires in-depth customization to suit the business enterprise in making specific structured goals. These results in the project being delayed as well as the cost overruns associated with the project. According to Johansson and Carlsson (2013), the ERP software shall require total customization of the system to adapt to the needs of a particular business enterprise. This may hamper the operational functionalities of a business enterprise and reduce the productivity in the initial stages. Flexibility Meyr et al (2015) mentioned that the ERP system has not been flexible enough to deal with necessary changes in the external market environment. Thus, any changes in the external market environment relating to changes in the consumer preferences as well as the demand of the goods or change in the economic condition of a particular place shall not be provided with an appropriate business solution within the ERP system. May et al. (2013) mentioned that the re-engineering of the processes would be pertinent requirement to offer benefits to the organization. However, this would not be possible, as it requires considerable time and resources for the business enterprise. In addition, there would be resistance from within the business organization, since the workforce would not be adequately trained enough to deal with such alterations in the workplace. Legacy systems - There has been issues regarding the integration of different functional systems including the legacy systems in the business organization. The successful implementation of different ERP systems is concerned with the adhering to the legacy systems as per the rules as the regulations of a particular place (Johansson Carlson, 2013). Coordinating different modules - Powell (2013) mentioned that ERP requires the coordination of different functional modules within the ERP system. These include- the production planning as well as the inventory control. Besides this, the functions of finance as well as the human resource policies have to be managed efficiently to serve the overall purpose of business organization. In this regard. it can be said that the the issue of implementing an effective ERP system lies in executing an appropriate combination of technologies, policies as well as the issue of a perfect association of the internal and external business processes . In addition, it relates to dealing with the financial as well as the non-financial resources of the business enterprise. To enhance the ERP system it is essential that it is combined with other business softwares which are - system of supply chain, CRM as well as the Knowledge management (Staehr et al., 2012). In addition, it includes B2B exchange and the ecommerce storefront available online. However, this attribute in most organizations has not been emphasized upon. According to Andersson and Olandersson (2013), it is essential that this ERP is analyzed in an adequate manner to understand its in-depth methodology and architecture. This would assist to gain maximum utility from the SAP ERP processes implemented in the business organization. References Alaskari, O., Ahmad, M. M., Dhafr, N., Pinedo-Cuenca, R. (2013). Critical successful factors (CSFs) for successful implementation of lean tools and ERP systems Andersson, J., Olandersson, B. (2013). Strategies in implementation of ERP systems-The impact of vendor-consultant relationships on the role of the consultant in ERP implementation. Johansson, B., Carlsson, S. A. (2013). An Approach for Identifying Business Requirements for Development of Prospective ERP Systems. In Building Sustainable Information Systems (pp. 247-257). Springer US. Kim, J., Nicolaou, A. I., Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2013). The Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems on the Audit Report Lag. Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting, 10(1), 63-88. Mamoghli, S., Goepp, V., Botta-Genoulaz, V. (2015). Aligning ERP systems with companies real needs: an Operational Model Basedmethod. Enterprise Information Systems, 1-38. May, J., Dhillon, G., Caldeira, M. (2013). Defining value-based objectives for ERP systems planning. Decision Support Systems, 55(1), 98-109. Meyr, H., Wagner, M., Rohde, J. (2015). Structure of advanced planning systems. In Supply chain management and advanced planning (pp. 99-106). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Ostroukh, A. V., Gusenitsa, D. O., Golubkova, V. B., Yurchik, P. F. (2014). Integration of PDM and ERP systems within a unified information space of an enterprise. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), 16(02), V6. Powell, D. (2013). ERP systems in lean production: new insights from a review of lean and ERP literature. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 33(11/12), 1490-1510. Staehr, L., Shanks, G., Seddon, P. B. (2012). An explanatory framework for achieving business benefits from ERP systems. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 13(6), 424.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Scientology Essays - Scientology Beliefs And Practices, Scientology

Scientology Scientology is a fairly new religion. Founded in the twentieth-century by a man by the name of L. Ron Hubbard. He began his studies long ago and wrote a book in 1950 called Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. He claimed that this book was one of the first tools used to solve the problems of the mind. This book focused on irrational mind, war, crime, and insanity. Mr. Hubbard designed this book so that anyone can use it to improve oneself. He did not stop at Dianetics, however, he felt that there were still some issues that had to be addressed. He was now going to try to figure out the nature of the human being, what makes up our "being." Mr. Hubbard combined religion, philosophy, and his theory of dianetics and came up with Scientology. Mr. Hubbard had a unique life. He was born in Tilden, Nebraska, the son of a naval commander Harry Ross Hubbard and Ledora May Hubbard. L. Ron Hubbard was born on March 13, 1911. When he was about two his family moved to Montana where he learned to be a rough western cowboy. His mother was thoroughly educated woman. She taught him how to read and write at an early age. L. Ron Hubbard was said to have an avid interest in life at an early age. When his father's naval career required that they move away from Montana, his mother was responsible to teach him the schooling he missed. When Ron was twelve the family moved to Seattle, Washington. Ron got the liberty to be associated with many different types of people such as the Blackfoot Indians, Beijing magician, Chinese magicians, and studying Buddhists. He enrolled at George Washington University, his father put him into mathematics and engineering. Now he learned how to take the scientific approach to solving problems. He became more and more interested in the way the mind works. He would ask the professors at George Washington University and they could not give him an answer, so he came up with the idea that the western culture did not understand a thing about the mind. He believed that it was his duty to explore the mind and to tell the western world how it works. This is when he came up with dianetics and then eventually the religion of scientology. Scientology consists of eight dynamics. With these dynamics, a person realizes that his life extends beyond himself. The first dynamic is "self." This teaches you to survive as an individual. Taking care of such things as mental and physical health. It does not include other people, it is the urge to survive as an individual. The second is "creativity." Creativity is making anything for the future. Creating a family, and raising children to the best of your ability. This dynamic also means that sex is simply a mechanism to procreate. The third is "group survival." This is the drive to survive in a group. This can be any group, community, friends, a company, a state, or a race. The size of the group does not matter, it is merely to survive as a group. The fourth is"species." This one is the dynamic of the species of mankind. Being American would fit into the third dynamic because it is a nation. The fourth deals with every man, woman, and child in the world. The fifth dynamic is "life forms." According to Scientology there are two parts to the mind, the analytical mind and the reactive mind. The analytical mind has standard memory banks which record memory as a series of mental images. It records standard factual data, however, it does not account for any type of emotional or physical pain. The reactive mind kicks in during moments of painful moments. It also records data with mental images though in a different way. The reactive mind is selective about what it records. It only takes in pain or the emotional part of any given situation. Mr. Hubbard believes that if you can reduce the use of the reactive mind, you will be able to solve situations more effectively. If you solve a problem without letting your emotions get in the way the solution will be more objective than subjective, and being objective will give you better results. There are three parts to the human body: the mind, the body, and the thetan. The term soul has taken on so many meanings that Mr. Hubbard has created a word which defines his meaning of the

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

The Black Age essays

The Black Plague/The Black Age essays During 1347-1351 there was something called the black age. Hence the name it was about this "black plague." One theory is when the world froze over it covered the disease under miles of sands in the Gobi Desert, then after so many years and sandstorms it got uncovered. You didn't know this, problay thats why I'm here to When you hear "the black plague you may like a lot of people its just one disease but the truth is it has many diseases, Symptoms, and Causes. There were three commonly seen forms of the Black Death. The bubonic plague, the pneumonic plague, and the septicemic plague. The bubonic plague was the most common; the symptoms included enlarged and inflamed lymph nodes (around arm pits, neck and groin), vomiting, headaches, fevers of 101-105 degrees Fahrenheit, and nausea. These symptoms took from 1-7 days to appear. The two other plagues were less common, probably because victims often died before they reached another place. Symptoms for the pneumonic plague included coughing up bloody mucus, because this form of plague infected the lungs. This form of Plague was especially dangerous since it could be transmitted through the air. The third plague, septicemic, was the most rare, and there is still no cure found for it. Victims suffered high fevers, and their skin usually turned a dark purple, this is where the term 'black death' got its name. ictims often died the same day the symptoms died; in some towns as many as 800 died a day. The bubonic and septicemic were carried by fleas, who lived off the rats. They would bite a victim and regurgitate infected blood into the bloodstream. But then there were "cures." There were many cures for the Black Death in the middle ages. Very few work, as no one knew that the majority of the plague was transmitted by fleas. People burned a great number of things to ward of the plague. They included juniper, laurel, pine, ...

Friday, November 22, 2019

U.S. Economic Regulation and Control

U.S. Economic Regulation and Control The U.S. federal government regulates private enterprise in numerous ways. Regulation falls into two general categories. Economic regulation seeks, either directly or indirectly, to control prices. Traditionally, the government has sought to prevent monopolies such as electric utilities from raising prices beyond the level that would ensure them reasonable profits. At times, the government has extended economic control to other kinds of industries as well. In the years following the Great Depression, it devised a complex system to stabilize prices for agricultural goods, which tend to fluctuate wildly in response to rapidly changing supply and demand. A number of other industries trucking and, later, airlines successfully sought regulation themselves to limit what they considered harmful price-cutting. Antitrust Law Another form of economic regulation, antitrust law, seeks to strengthen market forces so that direct regulation is unnecessary. The government and, sometimes, private parties have used antitrust law to prohibit practices or mergers that would unduly limit competition. Government Control Over Private Companies The government also exercises control over private companies to achieve social goals, such as protecting the publics health and safety or maintaining a clean and healthy environment. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, for example; the Occupational Safety and Health Administration protects workers from hazards they may encounter in their jobs; the Environmental Protection Agency seeks to control water and air pollution. American Attitudes about Regulation Over Time American attitudes about regulation changed substantially during the final three decades of the 20th century. Beginning in the 1970s, policy-makers grew increasingly concerned that economic regulation protected inefficient companies at the expense of consumers in industries such as airlines and trucking. At the same time, technological changes spawned new competitors in some industries, such as telecommunications, that once were considered natural monopolies. Both developments led to a succession of laws easing regulation. While leaders of both political parties generally favored economic deregulation during the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, there was less agreement concerning regulations designed to achieve social goals. Social regulation had assumed growing importance in the years following the Depression and World War II, and again in the 1960s and 1970s. But during the presidency of Ronald Reagan in the 1980s, the government relaxed rules to protect workers, consumers, and the environment, arguing that regulation interfered with free enterprise, increased the costs of doing business, and thus contributed to inflation. Still, many Americans continued to voice concerns about specific events or trends, prompting the government to issue new regulations in some areas, including environmental protection. Some citizens, meanwhile, have turned to the courts when they feel their elected officials are not addressing certain issues quickly or strongly enough. For instance, in the 1990s, individuals, and eventually government itself, sued tobacco companies over the health risks of cigarette smoking. A large financial settlement provided states with long-term payments to cover medical costs to treat smoking-related illnesses. This article is adapted from the book Outline of the U.S. Economy by Conte and Carr and has been adapted with permission from the U.S. Department of State.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Financing Healthcare for Adults with Cancer in the UK Essay

Financing Healthcare for Adults with Cancer in the UK - Essay Example Developing countries are using more money each year in proving cancer care (Nursing Times, 2011). The increase in the amount of money used is caused by, in addition to more cancer patients, more expensive individualized treatments, and inappropriate cancer products. Drugs for treating cancer are become ever more expensive, as is the technology used to diagnose and treat cancer. According to Kings College London (2011), high-income countries are having a hard time bearing the cost of cancer care, due to unsustainable funding mechanisms. Accordingly, many countries around the globe have come up with several strategies to finance health care for people with cancer. Accordingly, this essay aims to examine the various options for financing healthcare among adults living with cancer in the United Kingdom (UK), while analyzing the implications these financing options have for patients, managers, and practitioners. Statistics, according to Cooksey (2006, pp.45), reveal that a quarter of all deaths within the UK are caused by cancer. Approximately 11,000 people aged between 15-40 years are affected by cancer each year, in the UK (ibid). This means that millions of people in the UK require treatment for cancer, which can be a very costly affair. Prescriptions cost a lot of money, as do special diets, and in some cases; travel costs to hospitals. Accordingly, cancer patients in the UK are presented with a range of options for financing health care. In the UK, cancer patients have the option of having their healthcare financed by the National Health Service (NHS), a government-funded healthcare program that draws its finances from tax revenue. According to Bosanquet & Sikora (2006, pp. 44), the NHS aims to provide healthcare for all people, based on need and not because of their ability to pay. For example, the NHS spent approximately 5.86 billion Euros on cancer care between 2009 and 2010 (Nursing Times, 2011).

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Cold War in Europe Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cold War in Europe - Assignment Example The attitude of the writer towards communism changes when the Soviets take the occupation of Czech in the 1946 elections. After the Yalta agreement that ended the brutal German rule, there was a reprieve as the pre-war president, Edward Benes takes power. The communists did well in these elections, but they did not form the majority government. They later took the power and instigated their rule with initiation of a one party state. The early phases of Prague Spring are portrayed as a call for reforms in the Dubcek governance. The voices that called for the end of centralisation of the economy and the call for the formation of the opposition Socialist party engineered the whole process. The call for reform of the party doctrine, and the free economy reforms dominated this period. Furthermore, Dubcek wanted to form interrelationship with the West. He claimed that Czech would continue to be subsidiary to the Soviet Union and the other partners. Fearing that their own citizens would demand for similar reforms, Breshnev took action to gain control. It became clear that the Warsaw Pact powers had the right to intervene in the matter. On the Warsaw Pact invasion, Dubcek called for the no-resistance, despite the sporadic fighting outbreaks. The students endeavoured to stop the Soviet tanks, and tried to involve the NATO. With over 70,000 Czech refugees, non-violent resistance took place. The president was arrested and taken to Moscow, but mass resistance led to his return to Czech. The later protests led to the removal of Dubcek as the president, and he was replaced by Gustav Husak who launched the normalisation programme (Conference Six Focus – topic 1). The impression obtained from the Czech political fortunes is that, they advocated for reforms in their system of governance. They were committed towards becoming and independent state with a democratic setting. The focus to development, other than war, was a gallant step towards their growth. Stalin

Sunday, November 17, 2019

The Qualities of a Friend Essay Example for Free

The Qualities of a Friend Essay Friends can come in different personalities, shapes, and forms. Someone could have a friend that is shy or outspoken. But to be a friend one must have certain qualities to be considered a friend. A friend must be trustworthy, honest, and loyal. One of the main qualities of a friend is to be trustworthy. To be trustworthy means that one would be able to tell the other secrets without worrying, that the friend would go and tell someone else the secret. Without trust, a friendship would not last. There would be drama and issues between the two where the friendship would crumble and would make the two hate each other. For a friendship to have trust and it lasts is one of the best things one could ask from a friend. Another quality a friend should have is honesty. Honesty means to be honest and to never tell a lie. If a friend has this quality one should keep them close by because they are dependable. An honest friend would not keep someone in the cold; they would always tell the other the truth. For example, if one asked the other about a decision that the other made if it was the right or wrong choice, that friend would give an honest answer. So being honest is one key factor of being a friend. Lastly, another quality is to be loyal. To be loyal means to never turn one’s back on the other; he or she would never leave the other behind. A loyal friend will always be on the side of the other and never leave the other behind. One could have done something selfishly, but if that friend has loyalty then he would still be a friend. Loyalty is a must if one would like to be considered a true friend. When people gain a friend in life that person will not be perfect. He will have many flaws just as anyone else. But for that person to be a great friend he or she would have these three qualities: to be trustworthy, to be honest, and to be loyal.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Sleep Observations Related to Potential Errors at Work Report :: essays research papers

Sleep Observations Related to Potential Errors at Work Report   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ladies and Gentlemen better known as board members. This study was conducted to find if there is any correlation between sleep and errors made throughout the day. I took the privilege of making this report because we are in the business of saving lives. Everyone in this medical center wants to help all of our patients to the best of our ability. Over time we have overlooked the responsibility we have to the patients that enter our doors for care. We focus on having our best staff on duty whenever we can, the question I have is†¦ Are we asking our staff to do too much? I know how we all love our job and we feel we can take care of our clients, but the data I have collected and will discuss in this report will show what can happen if we do not get enough sleep.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is a sample of the data collected from willing participants for this experiment. The participants are college students from a night class at Eastern Michigan University. The students were told to record their sleeping habits on at least five different occasions. The students recorded; the time they got in bed, the amount of time it took them to get to sleep, and how long they slept. The second type of data collected was reactions the next day. When I say reactions, I am talking about their emotional and physical feelings. The students were asked to try to observe their mental errors the next day. The emotional and physical feelings were rated on the scale being –1 as feeling below normal, 0 being normal, and 1 being above normal. Below are some charts to show the distribution of the ratings for the entire class. The graphs show the frequency in which each emotional and physical feeling ratings were observed. The test also recorded days the students observed, their class level, and their gender. The data above is just to get you familiar with exactly what was done in the experiment and the type of data that was collected. The next chart is a comparison of the males versus the females in regards to their average sleep time per night. The chart above shows that on average females get about one more hour of sleep than males do. Who knows why this set of data shows this difference, males might do more partying than the females.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Just Like Us Essay

The immigration problem in America has been dividing the document and undocumented people, in the book Just Like Us, by Helen Thorpe, she tells the story of four Mexican – American girls who live in Denver Colorado. Marisela and Yadira, were born in Mexico and are undocumented while Clara was born in Mexico too it is a permanent resident, and Elissa is a U.S citizen. They are best friend and their relationship it is not affected by their immigration status until they graduated from high school and they have to face the challenge of looking for new ways to pay for their college education. Undocumented adolescents graduating from high school don’t have many opportunities to get scholarships and to go to college. Most of them end up working with a fake Social Security Card with a minimum wage. In the congress exist some oppressors of undocumented people like Tom Tancredo, who are the kind of people whose heritage comes from another country, but who have just forgotten wher e they came from, and become radical people who think that every undocumented person is a killer, a negative person for the American society. On the other hand, we have Major John Hickenlooper, who was trying to help undocumented immigrants giving them some opportunities to keep growing. The girl’s point of view about world and each other comes to play when they are trying to obtain a scholarship. Because of competitiveness to obtain a scholarship, the girl’s relationship changes. At the end they graduated and achieved their degree. Clara becomes a U.S. citizen. Marisela and Yadira were able to apply for the DREAM Act, so they legal. Elissa was unemployed, and Marisela would be a mom! As the girls become of aware of their legal status Immigration Policy, have affected not only the girl’s relationship with each other. But for all other illegal was well. Because of our Immigration policy, many Immigrants have more problems in achieve their dreams. Therefore, we mu st change our Immigration policy so that it will not make it difficult for young immigrants from getting a good education, changing our perception of young illegal immigrants and how young undocumented view themselves. Undocumented students as Marisela and Yadira struggle to be seen for who they really are and not to be just treated like criminals; they just need to be given opportunities to show what they can do for this country, like Clara and Elissa. One area that Thorpe presents to us is that not everyone gets to have a college education and is able to afford it, whereas every American citizen is able to go their college because they have a Social Security card and can afford it. Undocumented students like Marisela and Yadira don’t have a Social Security card and they have give up on their dreams of going to college. The process of the undocumented students going to college is that they have to apply for scholarship as international students, so they require more money th an a citizen or resident. Yadira got into Colorado College. â€Å"They accepted me, but they didn’t offer me any money. So it’ s like, if you have $37,000 lying around, you can come here† (Thorpe 60). This was a big reason for Yadira to forget definitively this scholarship, but she didn’t give up. She struggle and she is close to getting one before Marisela, because â€Å"Each year, about fifty thousand undocumented immigrants graduate from high school in the United States.† (Thorpe 60) And to be honest it is a shame that from this enormous number just a few can get into a college, every immigrant graduate from high school should be able to reach higher education, because everybody en in the world has this right and the people in charge of undocumented students is Senate Committee, they should help these adolescents. As an example of how difficult it is for undocumented students to get on education is the story about Marisela and Yadira. They had completed applications to University of Denver, and had gone to the campus for hastily arranged interviews. It was really tough for them, because they were both fighting for one scholarship. Yadira won it, because she pursue d her dream and than her best friend Marisela. To know that she got the scholarship Yadira called the University while Marisela watched her friend’s face as she spoke to the woman. Yadira looked back to Marisela the whole time, and she asked: â€Å"You got it, huh? Yadira hung up the phone. â€Å"Yeah,† Yadira replied, she was crying (Thorpe 80). Marisela has to deal with this pain inside on her, because she was happy that her best friend got this triumph, but this means that she will not get this scholarship. As we can tell the process of obtaining a good education is really hard for undocumented people, it makes it even harder to compete against someone you know. Hard moments like this makes it difficult for undocumented adolescents has to deal with in obtain a good education. Another topic that Thorpe presents is the difficulty of changing people’s points of view. In fact, when congress is debating why immigrants come to America illegally, should they receiv e citizenship? Luke is a really close friend of the girls at Denver University. In the story represents people who are conservative view and very narrow mind. In particular instance, Luke express that opinion when he said: â€Å"I don’t agree with giving them all citizenship†¦why even have immigration law if you just let everybody in!† (Thorpe 250) This is the reason why Marisela manifest not to be so close to him anymore. He is a great person, but his ignorance takes Marisela away from him. Luke didn’t care about their ethnicity, however he didn’t know where are they from, and with his comments were hurting Marisela and Yadira feelings, this is the reason why they never were really honest with him, and hide most of their lives. Most conservative talks about undocumented immigrants come to affect the American economy, avoiding taxes, free loaders, public schools, and food stamps. And also Conservatives thinks that most of the illegal are criminals. The issue of welfare is one point where we see the conservative viewpoint â€Å"They go to San Francisco General and they get free health care that we pay for.† (Thorpe 250). Undocumented people just to come to the United States looking for a better life, more opportunities, to give their families more a better future. We didn’t know, but in their country they are poor, and they do not have enough food so just deal with it day by day. We cannot even talk about healthy issues; because they cannot expend money on it, because their kids or themselves will not be able eat that day. These are a couple of reasons why they just to take a risk and coming to fulfill the â€Å"American Dream.† Saying that undocumented people who want be like an American citizen by paying some form of taxes, and really are hard workers doing those kind of jobs than Americans doesn’t want to do. Juan Apocada is a young undocumented boy who was on the news for speaking out about his st ruggle about obtaining a scholarship, a benefactor who really knows his legal status didn’t care about it, just help him providing the money for his studies. Suddenly congressman Tancredo, called the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) to see if his child’s family are illegal. â€Å"Is it just me or does anyone else fin more amazing that our government can track a cow born in Canada almost three years ago right to the stall where she sleeps in the state of Washington†¦but they are unable to locate eleven million illegal aliens wondering around our country† (Thorpe 49) He believes that American culture had strayed from the rule of the law. This congressman forgot where is he from. Even his family was almost deported, but he didn’t care about undocumented, and became one of the most stronger opposites people on the undocumented immigrant topic. He instead on thinking how to deport them, should start thinking how to solve their problems, becaus e his family heritage if from outside this country, and his family was one of them. Document people didn’t have knowledge about undocumented immigrants, and they just based their opinion about what they hear and see on the television, radio, or gossip. As a result of them we have that people got a wrong idea of them, and people disrespect them, and didn’t give them the same treat as document people, they must receive same respect and values that legal people have, because a legal paper don’t give us more respect, it’s just a status inside a country. Something that makes us better it’s our development inside a society and giving the best of us to our world. Thorpe also comes across show the self-realization for the immigrants who have thought they are some things right, ends up being wrong in the United States. This is because undocumented people want to be identify, they need to have some identifications as any other document person, so they find their own way to do it. As some of the girls are undocumented, they are actually don’t have how to get a job or get a driver license, and they need to identify their selves with people, so they just have one solution to falsify ID, social security cards, driver licenses, etc. When Marisela believe that even though she had fake driver license, she thought she would not get caught, â€Å"It hit me when I wanted to a driver license and I couldn’t. So I started driving with a Mexican driver’s license—a fake. And that when I realize how I was going to grow up—doing everything the wrong way† (Thorpe 25). She has to get a fake drivers license, because first at all she was an undocumented person, and second would be more safety for her go to school in her own car than in the bus. Yadira also took this decision, sh e is very conscious about doing things in proper order, and because she needs to get a job decided to get a fake Social Security card. At the end she shows it to her friends. –â€Å"Oh guess what?† She volunteered. â€Å"I just bought a fake Social Security card. Do you want to see it?†(Thorpe 161) Certain situations force her or anyone to do the wrong thing. Yadira situation is that her mom Alma was in Mexico with her new baby sister and she couldn’t work, and her stepfather works in America but his pay does not cover the cost of living in America. Therefore her family needs her to get a job. And the only way to get a job in America is providing a Social Security Card to each place that you are going to apply. As far as we know, her family is not resident therefore she had to obtain a fake Social Security ID. People might think that getting these fake documents could mean that these girls would be worried about getting caught. But it’s not that wa y; they feel a little more secure when they have this kind of documents, because these documents give them some identity that they are missing since they cross the Mexican – American border. These children and adolescents are not guilty for their parent’s decision of crossing the border illegally. They coming to the U.S. for a better future, this country give them a better live, a future were they would be alive and can be someone, because some of their parents come just barely speaking their own language, sometimes they don’t even know how to write, so when they arrived to America it’s that they work in jobs than Americans don’t want to do, they work really hard. Therefore parents expected from their children a better live, better education, having at least two languages, knowing something else that clean bathrooms, and cook, they want a better future that they can’t afford or just even think of it in their own country. So the U.S. governme nt should cover these obstacles that these children and adolescents have to give them a more chances in live.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Meaningful employment Essay

This paper will focus on how social, political, and economic difficulties contribute to the lack of democracy in undeveloped societies. The article will also offer ways to improve literacy, health care, poverty, and political participation in those countries. Problems encountered by undeveloped societies are of chronic and systematic nature. The population of those countries is often trapped in the vicious circle of deprivation: lack of education harms their chances to obtain meaningful employment, which in turns prevents the country from realizing its economic potential, which in turn leads to inexistent of insufficient safety net (health care and social security) for the population. In such an environment, democracy cannot flourish. When people are concerned with physical survival of themselves and their families, they are unlikely to engage in any kind of political activism. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, basic social needs are a factor of motivation only in case main physiological needs are fulfilled and relevant safety and stability is guaranteed. While political participation and awareness are essential for democracies, low standard of life and pervasive insecurity hinder the ability of undeveloped society to promote good governance. However, there is a way out of this cul-de-sac. Developing nations should accept the help of international institutions and donor countries; yet this development aid should be tied with particular programs and closely monitored. Developing countries should not rely on foreign aid as a continuous source of public finance but rather a venture capital to be invested in the rebuilding of economic infrastructure. Paramount importance should be attached to education and political participation of populace.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Free Essays on Marketing Management

1. A. Environmental factors affecting McDonald’s today are competition and eating habits. Competitors are entering the fast food chain more and more everyday and growing faster and faster. It’s not all about hamburgers and fries anymore. There are chicken, salads, appetizers, pizza, pasta, and so much more entering the market everyday. Today’s society has become very health conscious leaving a large space for new products in the fast food industry. B. McDonald’s could expand its market and products in the aspects of the more health society by developing more health conscious foods such as chicken products or a veggie burger. They could also come up with their own brand of sauces. Make McDonald’s ketchup, mayonnaise, ranch dressing, salad dressings, and so on. In doing so, they reach a larger market of consumers as well as keeping up with today’s fast paced fast food industry. C. McDonald’s needs to look at their past sales over the years and calculate percentage sales growth. The US sales have continued to grow over the years, but these sales are also becoming a smaller percentage of sales because sales in other geographical areas are also growing. For example, Europe’s sales have grown and are taking up a larger percentage of sales. Because of this increase, McDonald’s should be thinking of expanding its market into Europe. In doing so, they will continue to increase the sales rate there and at the same time continue sales in other regions like the US. D. Other market entrance and expanding strategies would be to produce a McDonald’s brand of a variety of sauces and possibly conduct a test market. This would be a good thing to do while expanding into other regions. By testing new regions and products the company can see how well these new products will be handled in other areas and what they need to do to continue expansion in other areas. 2.... Free Essays on Marketing Management Free Essays on Marketing Management 1. A. Environmental factors affecting McDonald’s today are competition and eating habits. Competitors are entering the fast food chain more and more everyday and growing faster and faster. It’s not all about hamburgers and fries anymore. There are chicken, salads, appetizers, pizza, pasta, and so much more entering the market everyday. Today’s society has become very health conscious leaving a large space for new products in the fast food industry. B. McDonald’s could expand its market and products in the aspects of the more health society by developing more health conscious foods such as chicken products or a veggie burger. They could also come up with their own brand of sauces. Make McDonald’s ketchup, mayonnaise, ranch dressing, salad dressings, and so on. In doing so, they reach a larger market of consumers as well as keeping up with today’s fast paced fast food industry. C. McDonald’s needs to look at their past sales over the years and calculate percentage sales growth. The US sales have continued to grow over the years, but these sales are also becoming a smaller percentage of sales because sales in other geographical areas are also growing. For example, Europe’s sales have grown and are taking up a larger percentage of sales. Because of this increase, McDonald’s should be thinking of expanding its market into Europe. In doing so, they will continue to increase the sales rate there and at the same time continue sales in other regions like the US. D. Other market entrance and expanding strategies would be to produce a McDonald’s brand of a variety of sauces and possibly conduct a test market. This would be a good thing to do while expanding into other regions. By testing new regions and products the company can see how well these new products will be handled in other areas and what they need to do to continue expansion in other areas. 2.... Free Essays on Marketing Management Table of Content Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 1, Market Approaches†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2  · Target Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.  · Positioning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..  · Market Mix Strategy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2, Analysis of Environments  · Environmental trend†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..  · Social trend†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..  · Economical trend 3, External Factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦  · Product Life Cycle  · Communication Process  · SWOT Analysis Introduction In the final project, Chow Sang Sang Jewellery Co. Ltd is the Jewelry Company that I would like introduce about. Chow Sang Sang is a group of companies with list operations in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. The company’s combined turnover in 2000 exceeded HK$4.6 billion (US$600 million) see annual report. Chow Sang Sang shares are listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Complementing the retail network, there is an e-Shop, which offers on the Internet (eshop.chowsangsang.com) a complete service for shopping and sending gifts. World Commercial Sales Co. Ltd. is a leading trader in precious metals, dealing in gold and platinum bullion in various forms as well as palladium. 1, Marketing Approach Target Market The target market of Chow Sang Sang Jewellery Co. Ltd is Niche Marketing Strategy. This company is a group of companies with operations in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Chow Sang Sang is force on all kind of levels of customer satisfaction in relation to these KSFs. The demographic segmentation of consumers is achiever who is high income and...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Definition and Examples of Etymon in Linguistics

Definition and Examples of Etymon in Linguistics In historical linguistics, an etymon is a word, word root, or  morpheme  from which a later form of a word derives. For instance, the etymon of the English word etymology is the Greek word etymos (meaning true). Plural etymons or etyma. Put another way, an etymon is the original word (in the same language or in a foreign language) from which a present-day word has evolved. Etymology:  From the Greek, true meaning The Misleading Etymology of Etymology [W]e have to avoid being misled by the etymology of the word etymology itself; we have inherited this term from a pre-scientific period in the history of language study, from a time when it was supposed (with varying degrees of seriousness) that etymological studies would lead to the etymon, the true and genuine meaning. There is no such thing as the etymon of a word, or there are as many kinds of etymon as there are kinds of etymological research. (James Barr, Language and Meaning. E.J. Brill, 1974) The Meaning of Meat In Old English, the word meat (spelled mete) mainly meant food, especially solid food, found as late as 1844... The Old English word mete came from the same Germanic source as Old Frisian mete, Old Saxon meti, mat, Old High German maz, Old Icelandic matr, and Gothic mats, all meaning food. (Sol Steinmetz, Semantic Antics. Random House, 2008) Immediate and Remote Etymons Frequently a distinction is made between an immediate etymon, i.e. the direct parent of a particular word, and one or more remote etymons. Thus Old French frere is the immediate etymon of Middle English frere (modern English friar); Latin frater, fratr- is a remote etymon of Middle English frere, but the immediate etymon of Old French frere. (Philip Durkin, The Oxford Guide to Etymology. Oxford University Press, 2009) Sack and Ransack; Disk, Desk, Dish, and Dais   The etymon of ransack is Scandanavian rannsaka (to attack a house)(hence to rob), whereas sack (plundering) is a borrowing of French sac in phrases like mettre sac (to put to sack)... An extreme case of five English words reflecting the same etymon is discus (an 18th-century borrowing from Latin), disk or disc (from French disque or straight from Latin), desk (from Medieval Latin but with the vowel changed under the influence of an Italian or a Provenà §al form), dish (borrowed from Latin by Old English), and dais (from Old French). (Anatoly Liberman, Word Origins . . . and How We Know Them. Oxford University Press, 2005)​ Roland Barthes on Etymons: Triviality and Satisfaction [I]n Fragments dun discours amoureux  [1977], [Roland] Barthes demonstrated that etymons can provide insights into the historical polyvalence of words and the transferral of alternate meanings from one epoch to another, For example, triviality can certainly become quite a different concept when compared with the etymon trivialis which means what is found at all crossroads.  Or the word satisfaction assumes different identities when compared with  the etymons  satis (enough) and satullus (drunk). The variance between current common usage and the etymological definition exemplifies the evolution of the meanings of the same words for different generations. (Roland A. Champagne,  Literary History in the Wake of Roland Barthes: Re-defining the Myths of Reading. Summa, 1984)

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Sphingomyelinase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sphingomyelinase - Essay Example These enzymes have been categorized into six different classes namely Mg+ dependant neutral SMase, Mg+ independent neutral SMase, acid SMase, secretory SMase, and alkaline SMase and bacterial SMase (Goni and Alonso 38). This paper mainly discusses the mode of action and medical importance of neutral SMase. Two neutral SMase have been determined in mammals. Mg+ dependant nSMase 1 is concentrated in kidneys while Mg+ independent nSMase 2 is mostly present in golgi bodies of brain (Mizutani et al. 3727). In mammals, nSMase acts as an integral membrane protein whereas in bacteria they are soluble proteins. They play an important role in the human body by catalyzing the production of ceramide and regulate a number of metabolic events such as cellular differentiation, arrest of cell cycle and apoptosis (Mizutani et al. 3727; Gallardo et al. 1305). The mechanism of nSMase has mostly been studied on the enzyme obtained from Bacillus Cereus. Their working has been described as a divalent meta l-ion dependant manner (Ago et al. 16157). The enzyme obtained from the bacteria is quite similar to the mammalian nSMase in its action and function. The active site of nSMase is comprised of a glutamic acid (Glu) residue and histidine (His) residue, both of which are bound to either one or two metal cations, usually Co+ or Mg+. These cations support the action of SMase by recruiting sphingomyelin towards the active site. The cation at the Glu residue acts on the region between C1 and the phosphate group of sphingomyelin by interacting with amido-oxygen and ester-oxygen. On the other hand the cation at the His residue combines with the oxygen atom of the phosphate group of sphingomyelin resulting in a stabilized phosphate group. Furthermore this interaction activates a water molecule by lowering the value of acid dissociation constant of one of the bridged water molecules. This activation allows water molecule to attack the phosphate group of sphingomyelin as a nucleophile. Later th e reformation of phosphate group in its tetrahedral shape results in the formation of the two products; ceramide and phosphorylcholine. One of the commonest of disease associated with sphingomyelinases is Niemann-Pick disease. An autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, it is caused due to mutation in either SMPD1 gene or NPC1 gene and is classified into three types; A, B and C. Symptoms are characterized according to the organ of accumulation. This disorder occurs when there is deficiency of sphingomyelinases leading to a stop in the degradation pathway of lipids and resulting in accumulation of sphingomyelin within the lysosomes of affected cell causing them to become enlarged. This along with many small vacuoles renders a foamy appearance to the affected cell. Pharmacologically, there are no reported drugs which are synergistic in action to sphingomyelinases, although a number of researches have now appeared which discuss the inhibitors of sphingomyelinases (Canals, Perry, Jenkins and Hannun 694). Scyphostatin, which is attained from the mycelia extracts of Trichopezia mollissima has emerged as a neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor (Czarny and Schnitzer 1344). As ceramide is understood to be a second messenger molecule working like inflammatory mediators (TNF?, IL-1, IL-6 and LPS) it is believed that scyphostatin

Thursday, October 31, 2019

The great inflation of the 1920s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The great inflation of the 1920s - Essay Example In the initial stages of the great inflation, German citizens did not experience its effects partly due to the stability of German’s economy before World War I. At the end of 1923, the effects of the great inflation started being felt by the German citizens. The great inflation reached its peak at the last half of 1923 when the prices of basic commodities had increased by more than five hundred times. The price continued to increase steadily putting German’s economy at the risk of collapse. Although the inflation resulted from economic factors, it was related to German’s governance. This essay will investigate the great inflation, and its impacts on Germany and the German people. Like most other inflations, the great inflation had its source in poor monetary policies and governance issues. Germany’s involvement in World War I is believed to have been the source of its monetary crisis. At the height of World War I, the German government exhausted its moneta ry reserves forcing it to turn to money printing press as a quick intervention measure. The German government needed money to pay its soldiers and officers serving in the war. The government also needed money to purchase military equipment that was required during the war. The government considered the act of printing extra money as a quick intervention strategy of winning the battle. ... This measure was meant increase the amount of liquid money under government’s control. This measure could not however, guarantee the government adequate money to pay its military personnel. To contribute to the government’s efforts of increasing the amount of money in the treasury, the parliament passed policies that allowed the government to offer war bonds. The Reich bank was to respond to this offer by printing extra money to balance the amount of money in government’s position with that in circulation. From 1914 to 1918, the amount paper money printed for both the government and private sector spending had reached 33.12 billion marks. This was a significant increase since before the war the German government and the private sector spending accounted for nearly 2.37 billion marks. Before the war, one US dollar traded for approximately 4.12 marks. At the end of World War I, the exchange rates had changed significantly since one US dollar traded for 8.32 marks. This was however, the initial stages of the inflation. Although the effects of this inflation were not sufficient to cause an economic breakdown, they greatly influenced German’s economy. The worst phase of the monetary crisis was experienced during the first five years that followed the war. At the first quarter of 1919, the supply of paper money had reached 50.16 billion marks. This figures changed constantly to reach 1,310.56 billion marks at the close of 1922. On the other hand, 192.3 marks traded for one US dollar at the beginning of 1919. The exchange rate increased dramatically and reached 7,589.37 in 1922 and, the worst situation occurred in November 1923 when one US dollar traded for 4,200,000,000.00 marks. This figure is absurd and it implied great

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Business Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Ethics - Case Study Example As with most ethical decisions, there is likely no one solid answer, but I have done my best below to provide some possible courses of action that the judge in this case could consider. Question 1 In this situation, Mr. Groetsch has done nothing wrong. As such, he is under no obligation to allow other people to handle his personal fight against Securities America. He is convinced that he has been financially damaged as a result of this case, and he is perfectly able to work through arbitration on his own, with a judge, to come a fair resolution. Let us remember that arbitration was set up as a way to settle disputes between two parties who simply cannot come to an agreement on any given problem. The judge in this situation should only concern himself with the specific arbitration case that Mr. Groetsch has dutifully bought before him, regardless of any potential impact on cases that might be pending before other courts at a future date. This is a decision that will likely weigh on th e judge, knowing that many more clients may lose out on a judgment in the future that is rightfully due them. In the end, however, the judge is ethically responsible for the arbitration hearing in this case and should let it proceed without delay. Question 2 This case is particularly troublesome because of the sheer number of clients that were adversely impacted as a result of the fraudulent acts partaken by Securities America. Due to this unique situation, no one person should receive the benefit of arbitration at this time until the outcomes of the class action suits are settled. The actions of one fraudulent company has negatively impacted the lives of many people, so the judge should ethically do everything in his power to make sure all alleged victims have an equally opportunity at a fair judgment. The judge should go ahead and table the arbitration hearing and allow the cases in Montana and Massachusetts to proceed. This will allow the money that is currently available to be p aid out to victims to remain in a frozen, yet liquid account to be distributed once the case is completed. Once settled, the judge should then allow the arbitration to proceed until finished. The reasoning behind this lies in simple numbers. Should one person benefit greatly from arbitration, draining a limited pool of funds that will be available, while the masses are left to scrounge what is left over? In this case, that would not be a beneficial course for anyone involved, except Mr. Groetsch. It needs to be pointed out that he had the option to join the class action suit, yet for whatever reason, decided not to. As such, he has given up his claim to that hearing. His actions, however, do nothing to mitigate the fact that class action suits are filed to level the playing the field. That is what the judge should do in this case – level the playing field so all victims will eventually be compensated in a fair and equitable manner. Question 3 The judge in this case can also a ct as an advisor. In the legal system, judges are put in place to protect those that appear before them. In this particular situation, it appears that the interests of Mr. Groetsch will be best served if he were to drop his arbitration claim and fold his interests into the class action suits that are pending. This becomes particularly helpful advice if the judge has already determined that he is going to table the arbitration hearing until the current cases in Montana and Massachusetts are resolved. If this were to happen, there would simply be little to no money left to pay Mr. Groetsch in any event. While the estimated 10 cents to the dollar is not a happy outcome for this client, it will certainly be better than

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Marketing Communications Plan To Launch A New Brand Marketing Essay

Marketing Communications Plan To Launch A New Brand Marketing Essay DESCRIPTION Hydra is to be launched as a premium brand for still unflavored and flavored water. It would be available in two sizes of 750ml and 330 ml each. The bigger bottle is to be made available in sports pack and the smaller in a screw cap. Along with unflavored water, Hydra offers four water plus flavors which are orange n cherry, ginger n lemon, mint n herbs and just grape. The flavored bottles would be available as Hydra! to differentiate them from unflavored. COMPETITION ANALYSIS The bottled water industry is essentially a part of the soft drinks sector which also includes carbonated drinks, still drinks, juices and other dilatable; representing a total customer value worth  £219 billion (Leijh, 2006). The image of carbonates, the biggest player of this sector, has been on a decline due to growing health concerns and the manufactures consequently try to reinvent their offerings in order to attract the consumers. Thus the traditional boundaries between carbonated drinks, water and juices and being dropped as newer blends hit the shelves every day. The competition therefore in this industry is immense and proactive. Offerings in the market which provide the value of quenching thirst must be regarded as indirect competition. These will include carbonated drinks, juices, milk, energy drinks, still drinks and even sparkling water; across all flavors. Some of the indirect competitors identified are Pepsi, Coca Cola, Dr. Pepper, Britvic, Cresta, Tango, Sunkist, Lucozade, Tropicana, Nesquik and Scheweppes Tonic. The direct competition comes from other bottled water brands which target the same market as Hydra. These brands provide almost the same value that is, still unflavored and flavored water to the same market segments. The brands identified as direct competition for further analysis are Vittel and Aqua Pura. The Vittel brand belongs to the Perrier family owned by Nestle while Aqua Pura is an own label production from Well Well. Both these brands offer still flavored and unflavored water. MARKET SEGMENTATION The bottled water market in the UK posted strong positive growth and total value of  £ 1.4 billion in 2007 (Data Monitor Industry Profile, 2008). The volume of sales has also been constantly increasing at a compound annual growth rate of 5.7% from 2 billion liters in 2003 to 2.5 billion in 2007. Data monitor study also reveals that still unflavored water consists of 48.4% of total sales in this industry and still unflavored consists of 12.2%. A study of 24000 samples by Livingstone (2004) reemphasizes the large number of still water drinkers over sparkling. Figure 1 shows the dominance of still water in this market. Figure : Changing youth drinking habits Figure : Dominance of Still waterThe youth market segment in this industry has also been increasing in importance for the brands. Livingstone (2004) charts an almost 20% increase in use of bottled water in 11-19 years old over 1997 to 2004. This is shown in Figure 2. The communication strategies of the brands also reflect responding to this. Nestle Waters launched Vittel Red, aimed at young men and women through an edgy branding approach (Haymarket Publication, 2006). Aqua Puras Activa and Revive are two sub brands aimed at targeting the youth. Salazar (2007) states how demographics affect the usage of bottled water across UK. Women constitute the majority of bottled water drinkers. Around 45% of 18 to 34 year old women and 44.6% of 35 to 54 year old women consume bottled water. Mens percentages of the 18 34 age groups drank 35.3% and those in the age group from 35 to 54 consumed 34.5%. In addition, according to WQA surveys (cited in Salazar, 2007), some 47% of 18 to 34 year olds do not think that their water is safe; therefore 41.4% of them consume bottled water regularly. TARGET MARKETING In the value exchange approach to marketing, Gabbott (2004), states that the brand should identify target segments based on the meaning and viability of the product for the target. Targeting includes identifying specific group of consumers with similar preferences for whom the product is most meaningful and appropriate. This analysis identifies three target segments for the bottled water brands in study. Sports Active Both Aqua Pura and Vittel have sports cap available and are leading sponsors of sporting events. While Aqua Pura sponsors the UK Athletics and the great run programme; Vittel has been a sponsor of London marathon since the past 8 years. It would be interesting to note that Vittel even has marathon training and hydration tips from expert Jamie Baird on its web site. Vittel also launched a new drink Vittel +Energy with performance enhancing ingredients (refer to Figure 3) Go For It Guys/Girls Livingstone (2004) identifies lifestyle and fashion driven drinkers as Go-For-It target. These are active young males and females who are heavy internet users and fast food consumers. Both the brands provide sleek bottle options for this group. To target this group, Vittel operates as a lifestyle water option with edgy branding. Its David Bowie commercial was primarily targeted at this target group. Aqua Pura on the other hand attracts this group through its sub brands Activa and Revive. Figure : Vittel +energy Source: food manufacture(2003), ebsco publishingChildren Both the companies target children as one of the important target groups. With smaller bottles available which can fit into the school lunch boxes, to tie ups with Warner Bros and Looney Toones; Vittel strives to create a full fledging division for child consumers only. Aqua Puras Champions programme (Aqua Pura, 2008) is again a children specific programme through which it spreads the message of everyday healthy hydration along with the help of school teachers. MARKET POSITIONING To study the market positioning of the bottled water industry, it is essential to identify the broad values that the consumer demands and the values that are provided by the existing market players. The basic value demanded and supplied in this industry is that of quenching the thirst. As King (2002) points out, there has been a lot of weight placed on research and development to enhance this value supplied. Lots of research and marketing has been focused into development of water + options from vitamins to oxygen to new flavors being introduced. As the basic value is served by all the market players, differentiation is possible only through value additions and brand development. To develop a brand positioning map for this study, the brand appeal (premium, sophisticated urban, young) and the value differentiation (regular flavored) are chosen as the attributes. The positioning map thus developed is shown as Figure 4. URBAN TESCO VOLVIC VITTEL HYDRA FLAVORED REGULAR AQUAPURA HIGHLAND SPRING PERRIER SOPHISTICATED EVIAN FIGURE 4: MARKET POSITIONING MAP OF LEADING BRANDS MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS PLAN OBJECTIVES The objectives of this plan are identified below. To create brand awareness. The target market has to be made aware of the existence of the brand. This is to be achieved through a mix of both above and below the line activities. Seventy five percent of the target market is to be made aware over the time plan. To achieve market penetration. This is to be done through a combination of aggressive below the line and pricing strategies. Fifty percent of the target market is to be penetrated over the time plan. To create brand promotion. Hydra is to be promoted aggressively and to be established as an active and urban brand of bottled water. Establishment of Hydra! as a definitive sub-brand. TIME PLAN Exploratory Research 3 weeks Concept Development and Creative Idea 4 weeks Market Tests 1 week Integrated Communications Above-the-line Strategies 12 weeks Below -the-line Strategies 26 weeks Exploratory Research Focus group interviews to be for product development and buyer behavior research. Concept Development and Creative Idea The brands communication concepts are developed internally, media planning and budgeting is carried out. External services are hired to create communications. Market Tests Tests are carried to check the response, validity and effects of communications designed. Integrated Communications Validated communications are issued through above-the-line and below-the line. Monitor and Evaluation The feedbacks generated by the communications are to be monitored consistently. Evaluation of the plan is to be done constantly and tight control is to be maintained. TARGET SEGMENTS The broad target market for this brand is everyone who wants to quench its thirst. But through the segmentation process, a few segments have been identified to which to which this communication plan is to be targeted. These are identified below Young urban professionals. Below 35 years of age, city dwellers male or female. Sports enthusiasts. Children from the age 8-16 Age group 16-22. Market influence leaders Through behavioral segmentation, target segments identified include Experiences, Innovators and Early Adopters. ABOVE-THE-LINE STRATEGIES The brand Hydra will be launched through an aggressive above-the-line communications campaign. A strong pull and profile strategy is to be realized through above-the-line. The advertisements to be used for the campaign must be first used to introduce and recall the brand, differentiate it from the competition, inform the consumers of the values in exchange and persuade their buying decision. Media Planning Keeping in mind the huge size of target audience and relative concentration in certain centers, the media to be used to deliver the communications has been decided. It is only after this that communications are developed to be broadcast through these sources. The media selected for Above-the-line communications are Television, Print, Outdoor, In Store, and Internet. Television Television is the most common medium for mass advertising. For Hydras launch two TV commercials are to be created. It is aimed to promote Hydra as an individualistic, stylized and aspirational sports and lifestyle brand through these commercials. The first TV ad should kick start the campaign and to be followed by other mediums. The second TV ad is to be launched after two weeks of the first commercial. Spots to be bought include lifestyle and sports channels at prime time and evening. Print The print campaign for Hydra will begin simultaneously with the television commercial appearing. The print ads will be complementary to the message of the television ads. The print media to be used is newspapers (The Sun, Guardian) magazines (Mens Health, Womens Health, OK!) and tabloids (Daily Mirror, The London paper). Full back page advertisements in daily tabloids twice a week for first four weeks and medium sized ads three days a week thereafter, are to be placed. Medium sized advertisements in newspapers are to be placed five days a week for the first two weeks; each day for a new flavor (regular plus four). The burst at the launch is to be followed by two ads a week. The magazines ad is to be accompanied with a reader competition as well. Outdoor and In Store Banners, logo and ads are to be placed in public transport systems, high streets, shopping centers and inside the store at points of sale. Internet Internet is to be very strategically used in order to communicate with the target. The market influencers of the World Wide Web are to be targeted through community web sites, blogs, interactive gaming and social networking sites. The web site of Hydra is to include an interactive game where the player would need to keep his level of Hydra high. The game would also be linked to facebook as one of its applications. Video blogging and YouTube channels are also to be used to promote the brand. Hydra ads on the internet would be seen in portals, news and lifestyle sites. BELOW-THE-LINE STRATEGIES It is imperative too design relevant below-the-line communication strategies for the success of the launch of Hydra. Below-the-line communications of Hydra would be a mix of pull and push strategies. These are to be carried over a period of 26 weeks and then reassessed. Sales promotion, organizing and sponsoring events, effective public relations, effective distribution and personal selling are effective techniques used. Sales Promotion In the initial period of launch, sales promotion activities are essential. The aim of aggressive sales promotion would be to make the target market try the product. It is planned that discount coupons offering fifty percent discount to be accompanied in the print ads. It is also planned to have discount coupons for every individual flavor on different days. This would help promote each flavor equally. Different discounts are also planned for department stores and convenience stores. Also, bulk buys in six packs would attract discounts. Through sales promotion, Hydra is to be pushed to the consumers. Events The profile strategy calls for sponsoring events as it helps establish and sustain the brand. It is worthwhile to sponsor only if the brand identifies with the event. With Hydra being an active lifestyle and sports brand, sponsorships of sports and other events would come naturally. It is planned to start with sponsoring corporate sports meets and move on to sponsor international sporting events and other events such as a music festival. Sponsorships and events are a part of the pull strategy. Public Relations Effective PR has to be maintained while launching the brand. It would require liaisons with different press and news agencies. News releases for the brand should be prominently featured. The influence leaders of the society need to be targeted. Print articles regarding health, hydration and fitness are to be released in different publications. Personal Selling The largest buyers of the bottled water industry are the departmental stores. Water is also sold through other merchandisers, convenience stores, news agents, tobacconists, some restaurants, kiosks and vending machines. Personal selling is required to effectively create and maintain strategic relationship with the channels. It is a classic part of the push strategy. Although the sales person would not be selling directly to the end user, its job would be all the more important as it would be dealing in larger quantities with larger parties. INTERNATIONAL LAUNCH LOCATION After the launch of Hydra in the United Kingdom, it is to be launched in the international market as well. It would be done after closely monitoring the performance of the brand in the UK. To launch the brand internationally, the first step is to decide on the new market. Hydra would look to venture into different European markets keeping in mind the proximity to the UK, geographically and culturally. It would look forward to launch the brand in Ireland and France first and then expand to Germany, Spain and Poland. OBJECTIVE After establishing the brand in the UK, the objective of Hydra would be to repeat its local success in the international market as well. In the Irish and the French markets, Hydra would still be an unknown entity. Therefore the first objective is to introduce the brand and create brand awareness. The second objective is to establish Hydra and Hydra! as lifestyle brands. Overall the objective is to culturally fit in the new market. STRATEGIES Ireland and France have been chosen as markets for international launch because they do not differ much from the UK in terms of culture. In terms of market segmentation, the target segments for Hydra are the same as that in UK and so will be the positioning of the brand. Therefore it is planned to go forward with the same communications plan tuned out with local language.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Golden Days of Placerville :: essays research papers

Approximately forty-five miles east of Sacramento, California, is the friendly town of Placerville, which marks a major â€Å"Gold Rush† historical landmark in the United States. In the early days of this small gold mining boomtown, Placerville was known as â€Å"Hangtown.† If you come into town, you will see the sign of Placerville, and underneath it you will see its nickname reading, â€Å"Old Hangtown.† Nooses can be seen all over town, on police cars, on historical landmark signs – even at the firehouse and on the Placerville City Seal. Placerville has a great deal of history behind its name. Many people who pass through the town, or even those that live there, don’t realize the history behind the town. There are different accounts on how Placerville attained the name of Hangtown, but the most famous is an episode that occurred one January night in 1849. A gambler named Lopez hit it rich at a local saloon. After he retired for the evening, several robbers tried to overpower him. Lopez fought back like a tiger, and with the help of others, the robbers were captured and beaten like pià ±atas. Three of the robbers had been wanted for previous robberies, as well as for murder at a gold camp on the Stanislaus River. A thirty-minute trial was held for the robbers and after a unanimous â€Å"guilty† verdict, the crowd called out, â€Å"Hang 'em! Hang 'em!† The most historic location in Placerville is the 147-year-old Hangman’s Tree Saloon. On the outside wall of the building is a weathered dummy in jeans, cowboy boots, and pink flannel shirt that dangles lifelessly from a wood block. Inside the saloon, where a noose swings on a fake tree, it is said that the hangman’s ghost lingers there. What used to be Elstner’s Hay Yard is where the original tree used to stand, from which the people originally hung. The dummy still hangs from that same location to this day. Actually, Hangtown conducted only a small number of hangings. Just one year later, in 1850, Hangtown was renamed Placerville and was named after the placer deposits of placer gold found in the river bed between Spanish Ravine and the town plaza. The town of Placerville began with the Gold Rush in California in the 1840’s. Gold was discovered in the tailrace at Sutter’s Mill in Coloma, which is about ten miles from Old Hangtown, in 1848.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Marfan Syndrome Research Paper

Jethro LeRoy Gibbs Mr. Vance Biology 24 December 2012 Strong Externally, Weak Internally There was a high debate and many aweing theories arguing if Abraham Lincoln had a disorder called Marfan syndrome or not, which was eventually resolved when Lincoln actually inherited a disease called Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B. Contributing to the dispute of Marfan syndrome in Abraham Lincoln, in 1964 a physician published his findings and observations in the Journal of the American Medical Association which diagnosed Abraham Lincoln that he had Marfan syndrome (Kugler).However, his conclusions were eventually proven wrong. But despite the false accusations, Marfan syndrome does exist in this world. Anyone who inherits Marfan syndrome faces the real risks and threats which contain devastating consequences. For example, a hard blow to the upper chest can result in immediate death because the connective tissues are alarmingly weak which can lead to serious heart complications and interna l bleeding (Schnitzer 198). Abnormalities in the skeleton, heart, and eyes all contribute to the characterization of Marfan syndrome (Schnitzer 198).Any affected or damaged connective tissues can create or cause internal complications, especially concerning with the heart and the aorta (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†), which is the most serious life threatening risk that can prove to be fatal (Jay). Marfan syndrome is an inherited disorder, characterized by several malfunctions including long bone overgrowth and several abnormalities of the skeleton, heart, and eye, which is caused by a defect and negative mutations in the fibrillin gene or fibrillin-1 that can weaken and devastate the connective tissues throughout the body guaranteeing further complications.In other words, Marfan syndrome weakens the connective tissues, augmenting the risk of damage in bone overgrowth, the skeleton, heart, and eye and at the same time affecting multiple crucial systems throughout the body. Marfan sy ndrome is a no laughing matter, according to four significant reasons: its expanded history, problematic causes, genetic description, and current research. First, Marfan syndrome was carefully observed in the late 1800 century. In 1896, a young patient was meticulously examined by Antoine Bernard – Jean Marfan, hence the name Marfan syndrome, who observed and first described the disorder (Keane).Marfan observed that the young patient had developed long, thin digits – such as the fingers, thumbs, and toes on the hands and feet – as well as the development of unusual long limbs (Keane). Little did he know, however, that this disorder was caused by mutations in the fibrillin gene that encodes a significant component, connective tissues (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†). But the cause was eventually discovered and identified by researchers in 1991, with the help of a generous foundation, the March of Dimes (â€Å"Birth Defects†), which is the second reason why Marfan syndrome is a serious matter.Fibrillin is a protein found in different areas of the body such as the aorta, ligaments, bones, and the lungs (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Thus, fibrillin helps regulate a transforming growth factor called Beta that plays a crucial role in tissue growth and repair (â€Å"Birth Defects†) which helps stabilizes many significant areas throughout the body. Genetic description becomes the third reason. Marfan syndrome can be inherited by anyone (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†), making it autosomal dominant (Jay).Autosomal dominant basically means that one parent can be diagnosed with the disorder (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†) and have a 50-50 chance of passing it on to their children (Jay). The bottom line is that Marfan syndrome is a dominant genetic trait and that everyone can inherit it under certain circumstances (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Finally, being the fourth reason, current research is still underway, despite the fact that the re is no cure yet. However, beginning in the year 2007, a clinical trial began comparing the effects of two different medicines in the effort to reduce the rate of progression of aortic complications (â€Å"Birth Defects†).Unfortunately, studies show that about 25 percent of cases dealing with Marfan syndrome are sporadic, or in other words, caused by a new mutation (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Affecting as many as one in every 10,000 to 20,000 people (â€Å"Donohue†), Marfan syndrome is one of the most common genetic abnormalities. Despite the fact that a cure has not been discovered yet, medical researchers as well as doctors are striving their best to prevent or slow the symptoms of Marfan syndrome and to reduce the complications as well.Marfan syndrome comes with some unfortunate factors such as the signs and symptoms, test screening and diagnosis, and the prognosis also known as the outcome. First, signs and symptoms are crucial to identify as soon as possible. The symptoms of the disorder include, but are not limited to, flat feet, chest that sinks in or sticks out, thin and narrowed face, small lower jaw, nearsightedness, dislocation in the lenses of the eye’s, learning disability, and scoliosis or when the spine curves to one side (Board).However, identifying the symptoms of the disorder can prove difficult (Jay) since age is a crucial factor involved (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†) and that the establishment of a specific, formal test still does not exist (Jay). In other words, doctors become aware of this disorder in people only when the noticeable signs occur caused by the disruption of the connective tissues. Also, the disorder is present at birth even though it may not be diagnosed until at a later time (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†).But when the symptoms do occur, the hands, fingers, feet, and toes may be unusually long as well as the tallness in height with long, thin arms and legs (Schnitzer 198). Skeletal abnormalities include a few deformities of the chest and face (Schnitzer 198). Other symptoms deals with the eyes, such as the dislocation of the eye’s lenses (â€Å"What is†), and the lungs, which can increase the risk and trigger asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia, and collapsed lungs (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†). Secondly, the diagnosis of this syndrome can be determined by some medical evaluation.Based on a clinical diagnosis, the heart, eyes, blood vessels, spine, and skeletal system are most likely to be checked out by medical professionals (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†). When diagnosing a disorder, machines and methods are used to receive valuable information about the status of it. For example, to monitor the changes in the heart and blood vessels, chest x-rays, an electrocardiogram (ECG) and an echocardiogram – which is a type of machine that uses high frequency sound waves to produce a moving picture – all may be used in the process (â€Å"Marfan Syndrom†).Thirdly, the outcomes may seem very challenging to those who have the disorder, but there is a feasible way to live through it all. Changes in the heart and blood vessels were developing in about 90 percent for those who inherit the disorder (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†). Because of this change, people must restrain from heavy activities and exercise as well as strenuous competitive sports which can all place high stress on the heart and aorta (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Thus, participation in less vigorous activities – such as walking, golfing, swimming, and slow-paced tennis – was consider safer to do (â€Å"Birth Defects†).But despite the helpful guidance and support of many programs, treatments, and changes, 50 is usually the average age of death for those who sadly have the disorder (Schnitzer 198). Heart complications and failure is usually a cause for this. However, there have been records and reports where patients have survived beyond the age o f 50, well into their 60s (Board). Despite whether the factors are negative or not, inheriting this type of disorder requires immediate attention and possibly significant changes as well.People who inherit Marfan syndrome will most likely face devastating changes due to the many negative complications and the risks factors that follows. Concerning with the complications, there are four main areas where the disorder can create devastating results which include the heart, face, eyes, and chest. Heart malfunctions is the first one, which is the most serious not to mention the most deadly complication of all (Jay). This is because the aorta, connected with the heart, could easily rupture due to enlargement (Jay).Cardiomyopathy, which is basically the enlargement and the weakening of the heart muscle, is another problem because this could lead to heart failure (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†). But the bottom line for the heart complications associated with the disorder is that the large b lood vessels connecting to the heart may gradually weaken and expand, which can eventually rupture causing death (Schnitzer 198). Complications in the eye, such as nearsightedness and the dislocation of the lenses, can be corrected with glasses or contact lenses; however, more advanced methods may include the usage of medical lasers (â€Å"Birth Defects†).Other complications involve with the chest – in which it may protrude outward or inward – joints – where it becomes increasingly flexible – and the face – where patients may have a long, narrow face and the roof of the mouth may be higher than normal (â€Å"Marfan Syndrome†). Risk factors are another concern, closely following the complications of the disorder. For example, activities that demand such strength and vigorous energy should be avoided at all cost for those who inherit the syndrome because of the following risks, capable of damaging the aorta and eyes (Jay).When someone d iscovers that a family member has Marfan syndrome, it would be the best course of action to visit a genetic counselor to discuss and ascertain who else have or may have inherit the syndrome. Another example involves with pregnancy. If a woman inherits the disorder and becomes pregnant, not only is she at great risk of her aorta rapidly enlarging, causing it to burst resulting in death, but she is also at risk of passing the inherited disorder to her newborn (â€Å"Birth Defects†).Thus it is considerably wise when one or the other parent inherit the syndrome speaks to a genetic counselor and avoid pregnancy to avoid death in return. Despite the numerous complications and risk factors associated with the disorder, there are many feasible solutions and methods on better controlling the outcome of the situation and matter. Despite the many complications associated with Marfan syndrome, there are several ways to fight back and come up with positive solutions using the advantage of special treatments and knowing how to prevent it. First, knowing how to fight back the disorder can be helpful.Some will need regular, medical check-ups, while other may need surgery. Otherwise, three significant steps can be taken to either detect or monitor the disorder thus preventing further complications. One, a medical examination by a cardiologist can examine the heart and other vital organs (Jay). Two, examination of the eye to check the position of the lens on a regular basis can prove crucial (Jay). Three, the participation of genetic counseling is recommended where patients are informed about the risks of passing the disorder on to children and are given advice to deal with the disorder (Jay).Another way to treat the syndrome is using beta blockers, which are high blood pressure medications where they help reduce the strength and frequency of heartbeats (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Surgery is the last defense against the disorder for many. Surgery is only required when the aorta dilates or stretches too much to the extent where necessary repairs need to be made to avoid extensive internal damage (â€Å"Birth Defects†) which can be fatal. Secondly, prevention is harder than it looks when it comes to Marfan syndrome, since the symptoms usually begins at a very early age in either childhood or adulthood.Thus, there is really not a successful way to prevent the disorder (â€Å"Birth Defects†). However, if the diagnosis can be detected at an early age, there is the opportunity where help and treatment can increase the chances of avoiding serious complications (â€Å"Birth Defects†). Although there are several feasible solutions and treatments that can be used to the full extent in treating the disorder, the many fatal risks are still present, and alarmingly high.The one, inherited disorder where connective tissues are consequently very weak caused by the defect in a gene called fibrillin-1 which results in many internal organ comp lications – such as the skeleton, heart, and eyes as well as the development in the long thin limbs and digits – is Marfan syndrome which can become increasingly deadly if not given the proper treatment it deserves. People who have the disorder suffer physically, internally, and mentally. Physically, they can develop skeleton abnormalities, changing the way how they look, and develop long, thin digits making them look unusually tall and thin.Internally, people can suffer all kinds of damage in the heart, eyes, skin, bones, blood vessels, the aorta, and the lungs. The disorder mentally affects both the patient and their relations with others, forcing change in their lives. Even though a cure for the disorder has not been successfully discovered, treatments and versatile methods have been introduced throughout the years since its discovery by Marfan himself. And, researchers today are still striving hard through their own success, failures, and teachings, hopefully openi ng up the gates to a cure of this devastating disorder, Marfan syndrome.Works Cited â€Å"Birth Defects. † March of Dimes. March of Dimes Foundation, n. d. Web. 20 Mar. 2013. . Board, A. D. A. M. Editorial. â€Å"Marfan Syndrome. † PubMed Health. U. S. National Library of Medicine, 18 Jan. 0001. Web. 25 Mar. 2013. . Donohue, Paul G. , Dr. â€Å"Marfan Syndrome Is a Genetic Abnormality Marfan Syndrome Is a Genetic Abnormality. † Providence Journal [Providence] 7 Oct. 1986, ACCENT sec. : C-13. ProQuest Newsstand. Web. 20 Mar. 2013. . Keane, Martin G. , and Reed E. Pyeritz. â€Å"Medical Management of Marfan Syndrome. † Circulation. American Heart Association, n. d. Web. 20 Mar. 2013. . Kugler, Mary, R. N. â€Å"President Lincoln and Marfan Syndrome. † About. com Rare Diseases. About. com, n. d. Web. 23 Mar. 2013. . â€Å"Learning About Marfan Syndrome. † Learning About Marfan Syndrome. Genome. gov, n. d. Web. 25 Mar. 2013.